I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka hao malleable a me ka hao ductile, he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo ʻoiai ʻo nā ʻano ʻelua o ka hao hao, loaʻa iā lākou nā waiwai ʻokoʻa a kūpono i nā noi like ʻole. Eia kahi hoʻohālikelike kikoʻī:
1. Ka Hoʻohui Mea a me ka Hoʻolālā
Ka hao hoolei maalea:
Huina:hao maaleahana ʻia e ka hao keʻokeʻo hoʻomaʻamaʻa wela, aia i loko o ke ʻano o ka hao carbide (Fe3C). ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa wela, i kapa ʻia ʻo annealing, e wāwahi i ka carbide hao, e ʻae ai i ke kalapona e hana i ka graphite ma kahi ʻano nodular a rosette paha.
Hoʻolālā: Hoʻololi ke kaʻina hana annealing i ka microstructure o ka hao, ka hopena i nā ʻāpana graphite liʻiliʻi. Hāʻawi kēia ʻano hana i ka mea me ka ductility a me ka paʻakikī, ʻoi aku ka palupalu ma mua o ka hao hoʻolei kuʻuna.
Ka hao hao:
Hoʻohui: Ductile hao, ʻike ʻia hoʻi he hao nodular a spheroidal graphite iron, hana ʻia ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea nodulizing e like me ka magnesium a i ʻole cerium i ka hao hoʻoheheʻe ma mua o ka hoʻolei ʻana. Hoʻokumu kēia mau mea i ke kalapona e like me nā nodules graphite spheroidal (poe).
Hoʻolālā: ʻO ka hana graphite spherical i loko o ka hao ductile e hoʻonui i kona ductility a me ke kū'ē i ka hopena, e hāʻawi iā ia i nā waiwai mechanical maikaʻi ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hao malleable.
2. Pono Mechanical
Ka hao hoolei maalea:
ʻO ka ikaika ʻo Tensile: ʻO ka hao hoʻoheheʻe ʻia he ikaika tensile haʻahaʻa, maʻamau mai 350 a 450 MPa (megapascals).
Ductility: Loaʻa iā ia ka ductility kūpono, hiki iā ia ke kūlou a hoʻololi paha ma lalo o ke kaumaha me ka ʻole o ka haki ʻana. He mea kūpono kēia no nā noi kahi e koi ʻia ai kekahi maʻalahi.
Ka Paʻa Paʻa: ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī ma mua o ka hao hoʻoheheʻe kuʻuna, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hao hoʻoheheʻe malleable i ka hopena i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hao ductile.
Ka hao hao:
Ka ikaika tensile: ʻoi aku ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe o ka hao Ductile, pinepine mai ka 400 a i ka 800 MPa, e pili ana i ka pae a me ka mālama wela.
Ductility: He ductile loa ia, me nā pākēneka elongation maʻamau ma waena o 10% a me 20%, ʻo ia ka mea hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi nui ma mua o ka haki ʻana.
Kū'ē Kū'ē: Uaʻikeʻia ka hao Ductile no kona kū'ēʻana i ka hopena maikaʻi, e kūpono ana ia no nā noi e pili ana i ka hoʻouka ikaika a iʻole ke kaumaha nui.
3. Nā noi
Ka hao hoolei maalea:
Hoʻohana maʻamau: Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka hao hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe liʻiliʻi a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī e like me nā paipu paipu, brackets, a me nā hāmeʻa kahi e koi ʻia ai ka ikaika haʻahaʻa a me ka maʻalahi.
Kaiapuni maʻamau: Hoʻohana maʻamau ia i ka paipu, ka paipu kinoea, a me nā noi ʻoihana māmā. ʻO ka hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i ka haʻalulu a me nā haʻalulu e kūpono i nā hoʻonohonoho e pili ana i nā neʻe mechanical a i ʻole ka hoʻonui wela.
Ka hao hao:
Hoʻohana maʻamau: Ma muli o kona ʻoi aku ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī, hoʻohana ʻia ka hao ductile i nā noi nui a ʻoi aku ka koi e like me nā ʻāpana kaʻa (e laʻa, crankshafts, gears), nā ʻōnaehana paipu kaumaha, a me nā ʻāpana hana i ke kūkulu ʻana.
Nā Kaiapuni maʻamau: He kūpono ka hao no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā paipu kaomi kiʻekiʻe, ka wai a me nā ʻōnaehana wai, a me nā kūlana i hoʻokau ʻia nā ʻāpana i ke koʻikoʻi a i ʻole ka ʻaʻahu.
Ka hopena
ʻAʻole like ka hao maalea a me ka hao ductile. He ʻano ʻokoʻa lākou o ka hao hoʻoheheʻe me nā waiwai a me nā noi like ʻole.
He kūpono ka hao malleable no nā noi liʻiliʻi loa kahi e lawa ai ke kumu kūʻai a me nā waiwai mechanical haʻahaʻa.
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa, koho ʻia ka hao ductile no nā kaiapuni ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī kahi e koi ʻia ai ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ductility, a me ka pale ʻana i ka hopena.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-24-2024